Psychological science tends to treat subjective well-being and happiness synonymously. We start from the assumption that subjective well-being is more than being happy to ask the fundamental question: What is the ideal level of happiness? From a cross-cultural perspective, we propose that the idealization of attaining maximum levels of happiness may be especially characteristic of Western, educated, industrial, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) societies but less so for others. Searching for an explanation for why “happiness maximization” might have emerged in these societies, we turn to studies linking cultures to their eco-environmental habitat. We discuss the premise that WEIRD cultures emerged in an exceptionally benign ecological habitat (i.e., faced relatively light existential pressures compared with other regions). We review the influence of the Gulf Stream on the Northwestern European climate as a source of these comparatively benign geographical conditions. We propose that the ecological conditions in which WEIRD societies emerged afforded them a basis to endorse happiness as a value and to idealize attaining its maximum level. To provide a nomological network for happiness maximization, we also studied some of its potential side effects, namely alcohol and drug consumption and abuse and the prevalence of mania. To evaluate our hypothesis, we reanalyze data from two large-scale studies on ideal levels of personal life satisfaction—the most common operationalization of happiness in psychology—involving respondents from 61 countries. We conclude that societies whose members seek to maximize happiness tend to be characterized as WEIRD, and generalizing this across societies can prove problematic if adopted at the ideological and policy level.

The realization that most behavioral science research focuses on cultures labeled as WEIRD—Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (Arnett, 2008; Henrich et al., 2010; Thalmayer et al., 2021)—has given an impetus to extend the research to more diverse populations. Confucian East Asian societies have relatively strong social and technological infrastructure to advance science and thus have gained much prominence in cross-cultural studies. This has inadvertently fostered another bias: the dominance of WEIRD–Confucian comparisons and a tendency to draw conclusions about “non-WEIRD” cultures in general based on data from Confucian societies. Here, analyzing 1,466,019 scientific abstracts and, separately, coverage of 60 large-scale cross-cultural psychological projects (Nsamples = 2,668 from Ncountries = 153 covering nparticipants = 3,722,940), we quantify the dominance of Confucian over other non-WEIRD cultures in psychological research. Our analysis also reveals the underrepresentation of non-European Union postcommunist societies and the almost total invisibility of Pacific Island, Caribbean, Middle African, and Central Asian societies within the research database of psychology. We call for a shift in cross-cultural studies toward midsize (7+ countries) and ideally large-scale (50+ countries) cross-cultural studies, and we propose mitigations that we believe could aid the inclusion of diverse researchers as well as participants from underrepresented cultures in our field. People in all world regions and cultures deserve psychological knowledge that applies to them. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)

History has not ended (Fukuyama, 1992; Haas & Omura, 2022). The Euro-American political, economic, and social system seems not to be the one-size-fits-all model welcomed by all people. Promoting Western values and solutions as the “human development syndrome” (Inglehart & Oyserman, 2004) seems like cultural colonialism. Also, we are not doomed to a clash of civilizations (Huntington, 1993). Our diversified cultural and religious identities do not have to be the source of endless conflicts. The vast majority of societies enjoy peaceful coexistence with other—culturally different—societies...

1. Lonner, W. J. (2023). Bridging Cross-Cultural Psychology with Societal Development Studies: An Editorial Introduction to this Special Section. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 54(2), 163–164. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220221221149342
2. Krys, K., Dominguez-Espinosa, A., & Uchida, Y. (2023). Bridging Cross-Cultural Psychology With Societal Development Studies. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 54(2), 165–169. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220221221149385 
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5. Berry, J. W. (2023). Ecology, Culture, and Behavior: Role in Societal Development. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 54(2), 215–231. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220221221105494
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1. Krys, K., Kostoula, O., van Tilburg, W.A.P., Mosca, O., Lee, J.H., Maricchiolo, F., Kosiarczyk, A., Kocimska-Zych, A., Torres, C., Hitokoto, H., Liew, K., Bond, M.H., Lun, V.M.-Ch., Vignoles, V.L., Zelenski, J.M., Haas, B.W., Park, J., Vauclair, Ch.M., Kwiatkowska, A., Roczniewska, M., Witoszek, N., Işık, I., Kosakowska-Berezecka, N., Domínguez-Espinosa, A., Yeung, J.Ch.,, Górski, M., Adamovic, M., Albert, I., Pavlopoulos, V., Fülöp, M., Sirlopu, D., Okvitawanli, A., Boer, D., Teyssier, J., Malyonova, A., Gavreliuc, A., Serdarevich, U., Akotia, Ch.S.,, Appoh, L., Mira, A.D.M., Baltin, A., Denoux, P., Esteves, C.S., Gamsakhurdia, V., Garðarsdóttir, R.B., Igbokwe, D., Igou, E.R., Kascakova, N., Klůzová Kračmárová, L., Kronberger, N., Barrientos, P.E., Mohorić, T., Murdock, E., Mustaffa, N.F., Nader, M., Nadi, A., van Osch, Y., Pavlović, Z., Poláčková Šolcová, I., Rizwan, M., Romashov, V., Røysamb, E., Sargautyte, R., Schwarz, B., Selecká, L., Selim, H.A., Stogianni, M., Sun, Ch.-R., Wojtczuk‐Turek, A., Xing, C., & Uchida, Y. (2024). Happiness maximization is a WEIRD way of living. Perspectives on Psychological Science. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916231208367  AVAILABLE IN OPEN ACCESS

2. Krys, K., de Almeida, I., Wasiel, A., & Vignoles, V. L. (2024). WEIRD–Confucian comparisons: Ongoing cultural biases in psychology’s evidence base and some recommendations for improving global representation. American Psychologist. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0001298     [preprint]

3. Krys, K., Haas., B.W., Igou, E.R., Kosiarczyk, A., Kocimska-Bortnowska, A., Kwiatkowska, A., Lun, V.M-Ch., Maricchiolo, F., Park, J., Šolcová, I.P., Sirlopú, D., Uchida, Y., Vauclair, Ch.-M., Vignoles, V.L., Zelenski, J.M., Adamovic, M., Akotia, Ch.S., Albert, I., Appoh, L., Mira, D.M.A., Baltin, A., Denoux, P., Domínguez-Espinosa, A., Esteves, C.S., Gamsakhurdia, V., Fülöp, M., Garðarsdóttir, R.B., Gavreliuc, A., Boer, D., Igbokwe, D.O., Işık, İ., Kascakova, N., Kračmárová, L.K., Kosakowska-Berezecka, N., Kostoula, O., Kronberger, N., Lee, J.H., Liu, X., Łużniak-Piecha, M., Malyonova, A., Barrientos, P.E., Mohorić, T., Mosca, O., Murdock, E., Mustaff, N.F., Nader,  M., Nadi, A., Okvitawanli, A., van Osch, Y., Pavlopoulos, V., Pavlović, Z., Rizwan, M., Romashov, V., Røysamb, E., Sargautyte, R., Schwarz, B., Selim, H.A., Serdarevich, U., Stiogianni, M., Sun, Ch.-R., Teyssier, J., van Tilburg, W.A.P., Torres, C., Xing, C., Bond, M.H., (2023). Introduction to a Culturally Sensitive Measure of Well‐Being: Combining Life Satisfaction and Interdependent Happiness Across 49 Different Cultures. Journal of Happiness Studies. Advanced online publication. doi:10.1007/s10902-022-00588-1 AVAILABLE IN OPEN ACCESS

4. Krys, K., Yeung, J.Ch., Haas, B.W., van Osch, Y., Kosiarczyk, A., Kocimska-Zych, A., Torres, C., Selim, H.A., Zelenski, J.M., Bond, M.H., Park, J., Lun, V.M.-Ch., Maricchiolo, F., Vauclair, Ch.-M., Šolcová, I.P., Sirlopú, D., Xing, C., Vignoles, V.L., van Tilburg, W.A.P., Teyssier, J., Sun, Ch.-R., Serdarevich, U., Schwarz, B., Sargautyte, R., Røysamb, E., Romashov, V., Rizwan, M., Pavlović, Z., Pavlopoulos, V., Okvitawanli, A., Nadi, A., Nader, M., Mustaffa, N.F., Murdock, E., Mosca, O., Mohorić, T., Barrientos Marroquin, P.E., Malyonova, A., Liu, X., Lee, J.H., Kwiatkowska, A., Kronberger, N., Kráčmarová, L.K., Kascakova, N., Işık, İ., Igou, E.R., Igbokwe, D.O., Hanke-Boer, D., Gavreliuc, A., Garðarsdóttir, R.B., Fülöp, M., Gamsakhurdia, V., Esteves, C.S., Domínguez-Espinosa, A., Denoux, P., Charkviani, S., Baltin, A., Arevalo, D., Appoh, |L., Akotia, Ch., Adamovic, M., Uchida, Y., (2023). Family First: Evidence of Consistency and Variation in the Value of Family Versus Personal Happiness Across 49 Different Cultures. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. Advanced online publication. Doi:10.1177/00220221221134711 [preprint]

5. Sánchez-Rodríguez, Á., Uskul, A.K., Rodríguez-Bailón, R., Willis, G.B, Vignoles, V.L., Krys, K., Adamovic, M., Akotia, Ch.A., Albert, I., Appoh, L., Baltin, A., Barrientos, P.E., Bond, M.H., Denoux, P., Domínguez-Espinosa, A., Esteves, C.S., Fülöp, M., Gamsakhurdia, V., Garðarsdóttir, R.B., Gavreliuc, A., Hanke-Boer, D., Haas, B.W., Igbokwe, D.O., Işık, İ., Kascakova, N., Kračmárová, L.K., Kocimska-Zych, A., Kosiarczyk, A., Kostoula, O., Kronberger, N., Kwiatkowska, A., Lee, J.H., Liu, X., Łużniak-Piecha, M., Malyonova, A., Maricchiolo, F., Mira, A., Mohorić, T., Mosca, O., Murdock, E., Mustaffa, N.F., Lun, V.M.-Ch., Nader, M., Nadi, A., Okvitawanli, A., van Osch, Y., Park, J., Pavlopoulos, V., Pavlović, Z., Poláčková Šolcová, I., Igou, E.R., Rizwan, M., Romashov, V., Røysamb, E., Sargautyte, R., Schwarz, B., Selim, H.A., Serdarevich, U., Sirlopú, D., Stogianni, M., Stoyanova, S., Sun, Ch.-R., Teyssier, J., van Tilburg, W.A.P., Torres, C., Uchida, Y., Vauclair, Ch.-M., Xing, C. & Zelenski, J.M. (2023). Unpackaging the link between economic inequality and self-construal. Self and Identity. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2023.2200032

6. Krys, K., Vignoles, V., Uchida Y., & de Almeida, I. (2022). Outside the ‘Cultural Binary’: Understanding why Latin American collectivist societies foster independent selves. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 17(4), 1166–1187. https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916211029632 AVAILABLE IN OPEN ACCESS

7. Krys, K., Yeung, J.-Ch., Capaldi, C.A, Lun, V.M.-Ch., Torres, C., van Tilburg, W.A.P., Bond, M.H., Zelenski, J.M., Haas, B.W., Park, J., , Maricchiolo, F., Vauclair, Ch.-M., Kosiarczyk, A., Kocimska-Zych, A., Kwiatkowska, A., Adamovic, M., Pavlopoulos, V., Fülöp, M., Sirlopu, D., Okvitawanli, A., Boer, D., Teyssier, J., Malyonova, A., Gavreliuc, A., Uchida, Y., Serdarevich, U., Akotia, Ch., Appoh, L., Arévalo Mira, D.M., Baltin, A., Denoux, P., Domínguez-Espinosa, A., Esteves, C.S., Gamsakhurdia, V., Garðarsdóttir, R.B., Igbokwe, D.O., Igou, E.R., Işık, İ., Kascakova, N., Kračmárová, L.K., Kronberger, N., Lee, H.J., Liu, X., Barrientos, P.E., Mohorić, T., Mustaffa, N.F., Mosca, O., Nader, M., Nadi, A., van Osch, Y., Pavlović, Z., Poláčková Šolcová, I., Rizwan, M., Romashov, V., Røysamb, E., Sargautyte, R., Schwarz, B., Selecká, L., Selim, H.A., Stogianni, M., Sun, Ch.-R.,, Xing, C., & Vignoles V.L. (2022). Societal Emotional Environments and cross-cultural differences in life satisfaction: A forty-nine country study. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17, 117-130. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2020.1858332 AVAILABLE IN OPEN ACCESS

8. Krys, K., Park, J., Kocimska-Zych, A., Kosiarczyk, A., Selim, H.A., Wojtczuk-Turek., A., Haas, B.W., Uchida, Y., Torres, C., Capaldi, C.A., Bond, M.H., Zelenski, J.M., Lun, V.M.-Ch., Maricchiolo, F., Vauclair, Ch.-M., Poláčková Šolcová, I., Sirlopu, D., Xing, C., Vignoles, V.L., van Tilburg, W.A.P., Teyssier, J., Sun, Ch-R., Stoyanova, S., Serdarevich, U., Schwarz, B., Sargautyte, R., Røysamb, E, Romashov, V., Rizwan, M., Pavlović, Z., Pavlopoulos, V., van Osch, Y., Okvitawanli, A., Nadi, A., Nader, M., Mustaffa, N.F., Mosca, O., Mohorić, T., Barrientos, P.E., Malyonova, A., Liu, X., Lee, J.H., Kwiatkowska, A., Kronberger, N., Klůzová Kračmárová, L., Kascakova, N., Işık, İ., Igou, E.R., Igbokwe, D.O., Hanke-Boer, D., Gavreliuc, A., Garðarsdóttir, R.B., Fülöp, M., Gamsakhurdia, V., Esteves, C.S., Domínguez-Espinosa, A., Denoux, P., Charkviani, S., Baltin, A., Arevalo, M.D.M., Appoh, L., Albert, I., Akotia, Ch.S., & Adamovic, M. (2021). Personal life satisfaction as a measure of societal happiness is an individualistic presumption: Evidence from fifty countries. Journal of Happiness Studies, 22, 2197- 2214. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-020-00311-y AVAILABLE IN OPEN ACCESS

9. Krys, K., Capaldi, C. A., Lun, V. M.-C., Vauclair, C.-M., Bond, M. H., Dominguez-Espinosa, A., & Uchida, Y. (2020). Psychologizing indexes of societal progress: Accounting for cultural diversity in preferred developmental pathways. Culture & Psychology, 26, 303–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354067X19868146     [download]

10. Krys, K., Uchida, Y., Oishi, S., & Diener, E. (2019). Open society fosters satisfaction: Explanation to why individualism associates with country level measures of satisfaction. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 14, 768-778. https://doi.org/10.1080 /17439760.2018.1557243   [download]

11. Krys, K., Capaldi, C., van Tilburg, W., Lipp, O., Bond, M., Vauclair, M., Manickam, S., Dominguez-Espinosa, A., Torres, C., Lun, V., Teyssier, J., Miles, L., Hansen, K., Szarota, P., Yu, A. A., Xing, C., Wise, R., Wagner, W., Sun, Ch., Siddiqui, R., Salem, R., Rizwan, M., Pavlopoulos, V., Park, J., Nader, M., Maricchiolo, F., Malbran, M., Javangwe, G., Işık, I, Igbokwe, D., Hur, T., Hassan, A., Gonzalez, A., Fülöp, M., Denoux, P., Cenko, E., Chkhaidze, A., Burtceva, E., Antalíková, R., & Ahmed, R. (2018). Catching up with wonderful women: The women-are-wonderful effect is smaller in more gender egalitarian societies. International Journal of Psychology, 53, 21-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12420     [download]

12. Krys, K., Vauclair, C.-M., Capaldi, C. A., Lun, V. M.-C., Bond, M. H., Domínguez-Espinosa, A., Torres, C., Lipp, O. V., Manickam, L. S. S., Xing, C., Antalíková, R., Pavlopoulos, V., Teyssier, J., Hur, T., Hansen, K., Szarota, P., Ahmed, R. A., Burtceva, E., Chkhaidze, A., Cenko, E., Denoux, P., Fülöp, M., Hassan, A., Igbokwe, D. O., Işık, İ., Javangwe, G., Malbran, M., Maricchiolo, F., Mikarsa, H., Miles, L. K., Nader, M., Park, J., Rizwan, M., Salem, R., Schwarz, B., Shah, I., Sun, C., Tilburg, W., Wagner, W., Wise, R, & Yu, A. A. (2016). Be careful where you smile: Culture shapes judgments of intelligence and honesty of smiling individuals. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 40, 101-116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10919-015-0226-4 AVAILABLE IN OPEN ACCESS

1. Krys, K., Kostoula, O., van Tilburg, W.A.P., Mosca, O., Lee, J.H., Maricchiolo, F., Kosiarczyk, A., Kocimska-Zych, A., Torres, C., Hitokoto, H., Liew, K., Bond, M.H., Lun, V.M.-Ch., Vignoles, V.L., Zelenski, J.M., Haas, B.W., Park, J., Vauclair, Ch.M., Kwiatkowska, A., Roczniewska, M., Witoszek, N., Işık, I., Kosakowska-Berezecka, N., Domínguez-Espinosa, A., Yeung, J.Ch.,, Górski, M., Adamovic, M., Albert, I., Pavlopoulos, V., Fülöp, M., Sirlopu, D., Okvitawanli, A., Boer, D., Teyssier, J., Malyonova, A., Gavreliuc, A., Serdarevich, U., Akotia, Ch.S.,, Appoh, L., Mira, A.D.M., Baltin, A., Denoux, P., Esteves, C.S., Gamsakhurdia, V., Garðarsdóttir, R.B., Igbokwe, D., Igou, E.R., Kascakova, N., Klůzová Kračmárová, L., Kronberger, N., Barrientos, P.E., Mohorić, T., Murdock, E., Mustaffa, N.F., Nader, M., Nadi, A., van Osch, Y., Pavlović, Z., Poláčková Šolcová, I., Rizwan, M., Romashov, V., Røysamb, E., Sargautyte, R., Schwarz, B., Selecká, L., Selim, H.A., Stogianni, M., Sun, Ch.-R., Wojtczuk‐Turek, A., Xing, C., & Uchida, Y. (2024). Happiness maximization is a WEIRD way of living. Perspectives on Psychological Science. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916231208367  AVAILABLE IN OPEN ACCESS

2. Krys, K., Haas., B.W., Igou, E.R., Kosiarczyk, A., Kocimska-Bortnowska, A., Kwiatkowska, A., Lun, V.M-Ch., Maricchiolo, F., Park, J., Šolcová, I.P., Sirlopú, D., Uchida, Y., Vauclair, Ch.-M., Vignoles, V.L., Zelenski, J.M., Adamovic, M., Akotia, Ch.S., Albert, I., Appoh, L., Mira, D.M.A., Baltin, A., Denoux, P., Domínguez-Espinosa, A., Esteves, C.S., Gamsakhurdia, V., Fülöp, M., Garðarsdóttir, R.B., Gavreliuc, A., Boer, D., Igbokwe, D.O., Işık, İ., Kascakova, N., Kračmárová, L.K., Kosakowska-Berezecka, N., Kostoula, O., Kronberger, N., Lee, J.H., Liu, X., Łużniak-Piecha, M., Malyonova, A., Barrientos, P.E., Mohorić, T., Mosca, O., Murdock, E., Mustaff, N.F., Nader,  M., Nadi, A., Okvitawanli, A., van Osch, Y., Pavlopoulos, V., Pavlović, Z., Rizwan, M., Romashov, V., Røysamb, E., Sargautyte, R., Schwarz, B., Selim, H.A., Serdarevich, U., Stiogianni, M., Sun, Ch.-R., Teyssier, J., van Tilburg, W.A.P., Torres, C., Xing, C., Bond, M.H., (2022). Introduction to a Culturally Sensitive Measure of Well‐Being: Combining Life Satisfaction and Interdependent Happiness Across 49 Different Cultures. Journal of Happiness Studies. Advanced online publication. doi:10.1007/s10902-022-00588-1 AVAILABLE IN OPEN ACCESS

3. Krys, K., Yeung, J.Ch., Haas, B.W., van Osch, Y., Kosiarczyk, A., Kocimska-Zych, A., Torres, C., Selim, H.A., Zelenski, J.M., Bond, M.H., Park, J., Lun, V.M.-Ch., Maricchiolo, F., Vauclair, Ch.-M., Šolcová, I.P., Sirlopú, D., Xing, C., Vignoles, V.L., van Tilburg, W.A.P., Teyssier, J., Sun, Ch.-R., Serdarevich, U., Schwarz, B., Sargautyte, R., Røysamb, E., Romashov, V., Rizwan, M., Pavlović, Z., Pavlopoulos, V., Okvitawanli, A., Nadi, A., Nader, M., Mustaffa, N.F., Murdock, E., Mosca, O., Mohorić, T., Barrientos Marroquin, P.E., Malyonova, A., Liu, X., Lee, J.H., Kwiatkowska, A., Kronberger, N., Kráčmarová, L.K., Kascakova, N., Işık, İ., Igou, E.R., Igbokwe, D.O., Hanke-Boer, D., Gavreliuc, A., Garðarsdóttir, R.B., Fülöp, M., Gamsakhurdia, V., Esteves, C.S., Domínguez-Espinosa, A., Denoux, P., Charkviani, S., Baltin, A., Arevalo, D., Appoh, |L., Akotia, Ch., Adamovic, M., Uchida, Y., (2023). Family First: Evidence of Consistency and Variation in the Value of Family Versus Personal Happiness Across 49 Different Cultures. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. Advanced online publication. Doi:10.1177/00220221221134711 [preprint]

4. Krys, K., Yeung, J.-Ch., Capaldi, C.A, Lun, V.M.-Ch., Torres, C., van Tilburg, W.A.P., Bond, M.H., Zelenski, J.M., Haas, B.W., Park, J., , Maricchiolo, F., Vauclair, Ch.-M., Kosiarczyk, A., Kocimska-Zych, A., Kwiatkowska, A., Adamovic, M., Pavlopoulos, V., Fülöp, M., Sirlopu, D., Okvitawanli, A., Boer, D., Teyssier, J., Malyonova, A., Gavreliuc, A., Uchida, Y., Serdarevich, U., Akotia, Ch., Appoh, L., Arévalo Mira, D.M., Baltin, A., Denoux, P., Domínguez-Espinosa, A., Esteves, C.S., Gamsakhurdia, V., Garðarsdóttir, R.B., Igbokwe, D.O., Igou, E.R., Işık, İ., Kascakova, N., Kračmárová, L.K., Kronberger, N., Lee, H.J., Liu, X., Barrientos, P.E., Mohorić, T., Mustaffa, N.F., Mosca, O., Nader, M., Nadi, A., van Osch, Y., Pavlović, Z., Poláčková Šolcová, I., Rizwan, M., Romashov, V., Røysamb, E., Sargautyte, R., Schwarz, B., Selecká, L., Selim, H.A., Stogianni, M., Sun, Ch.-R.,, Xing, C., & Vignoles V.L. (2022). Societal Emotional Environments and cross-cultural differences in life satisfaction: A forty-nine country study. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17, 117-130. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2020.1858332 AVAILABLE IN OPEN ACCESS

5. Krys, K., Park, J., Kocimska-Zych, A., Kosiarczyk, A., Selim, H.A., Wojtczuk-Turek., A., Haas, B.W., Uchida, Y., Torres, C., Capaldi, C.A., Bond, M.H., Zelenski, J.M., Lun, V.M.-Ch., Maricchiolo, F., Vauclair, Ch.-M., Poláčková Šolcová, I., Sirlopu, D., Xing, C., Vignoles, V.L., van Tilburg, W.A.P., Teyssier, J., Sun, Ch-R., Stoyanova, S., Serdarevich, U., Schwarz, B., Sargautyte, R., Røysamb, E, Romashov, V., Rizwan, M., Pavlović, Z., Pavlopoulos, V., van Osch, Y., Okvitawanli, A., Nadi, A., Nader, M., Mustaffa, N.F., Mosca, O., Mohorić, T., Barrientos, P.E., Malyonova, A., Liu, X., Lee, J.H., Kwiatkowska, A., Kronberger, N., Klůzová Kračmárová, L., Kascakova, N., Işık, İ., Igou, E.R., Igbokwe, D.O., Hanke-Boer, D., Gavreliuc, A., Garðarsdóttir, R.B., Fülöp, M., Gamsakhurdia, V., Esteves, C.S., Domínguez-Espinosa, A., Denoux, P., Charkviani, S., Baltin, A., Arevalo, M.D.M., Appoh, L., Albert, I., Akotia, Ch.S., & Adamovic, M. (2021). Personal life satisfaction as a measure of societal happiness is an individualistic presumption: Evidence from fifty countries. Journal of Happiness Studies, 22, 2197- 2214. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-020-00311-y AVAILABLE IN OPEN ACCESS

6. Krys, K., Capaldi, C. A., Zelenski, J. M., Park, J., Nader, M., Kocimska- Zych, A., Kwiatkowska, A., Michalski, P., & Uchida, Y. (2021). Family well-being is valued more than personal well-being: a four-culture study. Current Psychology, 40, 3332 - 3343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00249-2 AVAILABLE IN OPEN ACCESS

7. Mosca, O., Maricchiolo, F., Krys, K., & Lauriola, M. (2021). Two countries, one happiness? The Interdependent Happiness Scale in Italy and Poland. Testing, Psychometrics, Methodology in Applied Psychology, 28, 343-362, http://dx.doi.org/10.4473/TPM28.3.5 AVAILABLE IN OPEN ACCESS

8. Rappleye, J., Komatsu, H., Uchida, Y., Krys, K., & Markus, H. (2020). ‘Better policies for better lives’?: constructive critique of the OECD’s (mis)measure of student well-being. Journal of Education Policy, 35, 258-282. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2019.1576923

9. Maricchiolo, F., Mosca, O., Lauriola, M., & Krys, K. (2020). The role of urbanization of place of living in the relation between individual features and happiness. Psyecology: Revista Bilingüe de Psicología Ambiental / Bilingual Journal of Environmental Psychology, 11, 232-259. https://doi.org/10.1080/21711976.2020.1734399

10. Krys, K., Zelenski, J. M., Capaldi, C. A., Park, J., van Tilburg, W., van Osch, Y., Haas, B.W., Bond, M. H., Dominguez-Espinoza, A., Xing, C., Igbokwe, D. O., Kwiatkowska, A., Luzniak-Piecha, M., Nader, M., Rizwan, M., Zhu, Z., & Uchida, Y. (2019). Putting the 'we' into well-being: Using collectivism-themed measures of well-being attenuates well-being’s association with individualism. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 22, 256–267.  http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajsp.12364

11. Krys, K., Uchida, Y., Oishi, S., & Diener, E. (2019). Open society fosters satisfaction: Explanation to why individualism associates with country level measures of satisfaction. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 14, 768-778. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2018.1557243   [download]

12. Swidrak, J., Krys, K., Kwiatkowska, A., Kosakowska-Berezecka, N., & Gjerstad, B. (2019). Polish honor and Norwegian dignity: Life satisfaction, acculturation, and self-worth. Acta De Investigación Psicológica, 9, 5-13. https://doi.org/10.22201/fpsi.20074719e.2019.3.316

1. Krys, K., Dominguez-Espinosa, A., & Uchida, Y. (2023). Bridging Cross-Cultural Psychology With Societal Development Studies. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 54(2), 165–169. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220221221149385              AVAILABLE IN OPEN ACCESS

2. Sánchez-Rodríguez, Á., Uskul, A.K., Rodríguez-Bailón, R., Willis, G.B, Vignoles, V.L., Krys, K., Adamovic, M., Akotia, Ch.A., Albert, I., Appoh, L., Baltin, A., Barrientos, P.E., Bond, M.H., Denoux, P., Domínguez-Espinosa, A., Esteves, C.S., Fülöp, M., Gamsakhurdia, V., Garðarsdóttir, R.B., Gavreliuc, A., Hanke-Boer, D., Haas, B.W., Igbokwe, D.O., Işık, İ., Kascakova, N., Kračmárová, L.K., Kocimska-Zych, A., Kosiarczyk, A., Kostoula, O., Kronberger, N., Kwiatkowska, A., Lee, J.H., Liu, X., Łużniak-Piecha, M., Malyonova, A., Maricchiolo, F., Mira, A., Mohorić, T., Mosca, O., Murdock, E., Mustaffa, N.F., Lun, V.M.-Ch., Nader, M., Nadi, A., Okvitawanli, A., van Osch, Y., Park, J., Pavlopoulos, V., Pavlović, Z., Poláčková Šolcová, I., Igou, E.R., Rizwan, M., Romashov, V., Røysamb, E., Sargautyte, R., Schwarz, B., Selim, H.A., Serdarevich, U., Sirlopú, D., Stogianni, M., Stoyanova, S., Sun, Ch.-R., Teyssier, J., van Tilburg, W.A.P., Torres, C., Uchida, Y., Vauclair, Ch.-M., Xing, C. & Zelenski, J.M. (2023). Unpackaging the link between economic inequality and self-construal. Self and Identity. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2023.2200032

3. Krys, K., Haas., B.W., Igou, E.R., Kosiarczyk, A., Kocimska-Bortnowska, A., Kwiatkowska, A., Lun, V.M-Ch., Maricchiolo, F., Park, J., Šolcová, I.P., Sirlopú, D., Uchida, Y., Vauclair, Ch.-M., Vignoles, V.L., Zelenski, J.M., Adamovic, M., Akotia, Ch.S., Albert, I., Appoh, L., Mira, D.M.A., Baltin, A., Denoux, P., Domínguez-Espinosa, A., Esteves, C.S., Gamsakhurdia, V., Fülöp, M., Garðarsdóttir, R.B., Gavreliuc, A., Boer, D., Igbokwe, D.O., Işık, İ., Kascakova, N., Kračmárová, L.K., Kosakowska-Berezecka, N., Kostoula, O., Kronberger, N., Lee, J.H., Liu, X., Łużniak-Piecha, M., Malyonova, A., Barrientos, P.E., Mohorić, T., Mosca, O., Murdock, E., Mustaff, N.F., Nader,  M., Nadi, A., Okvitawanli, A., van Osch, Y., Pavlopoulos, V., Pavlović, Z., Rizwan, M., Romashov, V., Røysamb, E., Sargautyte, R., Schwarz, B., Selim, H.A., Serdarevich, U., Stiogianni, M., Sun, Ch.-R., Teyssier, J., van Tilburg, W.A.P., Torres, C., Xing, C., Bond, M.H., (2023). Introduction to a Culturally Sensitive Measure of WellBeing: Combining Life Satisfaction and Interdependent Happiness Across 49 Different Cultures. Journal of Happiness Studies. Advanced online publication. doi:10.1007/s10902-022-00588-1 AVAILABLE IN OPEN ACCESS

4. Krys, K., Capaldi, C.A., Uchida, Y., Cantarero, K., Torres, C., Işık, İ., Yeung, V.W.L., Haas, B.W., Teyssier, J., Andrade, L., Denoux, P., Igbokwe, D.O., Kocimska-Bortnowska, A., Villeneuve, L., & Zelenski, J.M. (2022). Preference for Modernization Is Universal, but Expected Modernization Trajectories Are Culturally Diversified: A Nine-Country Study of Folk Theories of Societal Development. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 25, 731–746. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajsp.12533 AVAILABLE IN OPEN ACCESS

5. Roczniewska, M., Marszałek, M., Kaffka- Skierka, K., Krys, K., & Gasiorowska A (2022). Maximizing economic prosperity, strengthening military, or developing social bonds? Study protocol for research on the relationship between regulatory focus and preferences for the direction of societal development. PLoS ONE, 17, e0274624. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274624         AVAILABLE IN OPEN ACCESS

6. Krys, K., Capaldi, C. A., Lun, V. M.-C., Vauclair, C.-M., Bond, M. H., Dominguez-Espinosa, A., & Uchida, Y. (2020). Psychologizing indexes of societal progress: Accounting for cultural diversity in preferred developmental pathways. Culture & Psychology, 26, 303–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354067X19868146   [download]

7. Rappleye, J., Komatsu, H., Uchida, Y., Krys, K., & Markus, H. (2020). ‘Better policies for better lives’?: constructive critique of the OECD’s (mis)measure of student well-being. Journal of Education Policy, 35, 258-282. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2019.1576923

8. Krys, K., Park, J., Kocimska-Zych, A., Kosiarczyk, A., Selim, H.A., Wojtczuk-Turek., A., Haas, B.W., Uchida, Y., Torres, C., Capaldi, C.A., Bond, M.H., Zelenski, J.M., Lun, V.M.-Ch., Maricchiolo, F., Vauclair, Ch.-M., Poláčková Šolcová, I., Sirlopu, D., Xing, C., Vignoles, V.L., van Tilburg, W.A.P., Teyssier, J., Sun, Ch-R., Stoyanova, S., Serdarevich, U., Schwarz, B., Sargautyte, R., Røysamb, E, Romashov, V., Rizwan, M., Pavlović, Z., Pavlopoulos, V., van Osch, Y., Okvitawanli, A., Nadi, A., Nader, M., Mustaffa, N.F., Mosca, O., Mohorić, T., Barrientos, P.E., Malyonova, A., Liu, X., Lee, J.H., Kwiatkowska, A., Kronberger, N., Klůzová Kračmárová, L., Kascakova, N., Işık, İ., Igou, E.R., Igbokwe, D.O., Hanke-Boer, D., Gavreliuc, A., Garðarsdóttir, R.B., Fülöp, M., Gamsakhurdia, V., Esteves, C.S., Domínguez-Espinosa, A., Denoux, P., Charkviani, S., Baltin, A., Arevalo, M.D.M., Appoh, L., Albert, I., Akotia, Ch.S., & Adamovic, M. (2021). Personal life satisfaction as a measure of societal happiness is an individualistic presumption: Evidence from fifty countries. Journal of Happiness Studies, 22, 2197- 2214 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-020-00311-y AVAILABLE IN OPEN ACCESS

1. Lonner, W. J. (2023). Bridging Cross-Cultural Psychology with Societal Development Studies: An Editorial Introduction to this Special Section. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 54(2), 163–164. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220221221149342
2. Krys, K., Dominguez-Espinosa, A., & Uchida, Y. (2023). Bridging Cross-Cultural Psychology With Societal Development Studies. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 54(2), 165–169. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220221221149385 
3. Akaliyski, P. (2023). Distinct Conceptions of Freedom in East Asia and the Protestant West Underpin Unique Pathways of Societal Development. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 54(2), 173–194. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220221221143320
4. Thomas, C. C., & Markus, H. R. (2023). Enculturating the Science of International Development: Beyond the WEIRD Independent Paradigm. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 54(2), 195–214. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220221221128211
5. Berry, J. W. (2023). Ecology, Culture, and Behavior: Role in Societal Development. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 54(2), 215–231. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220221221105494
6. Badaan, V., & Choucair, F. (2023). Toward Culturally Sensitive Development Paradigms: New Shifts, Limitations, and the Role of (Cross-) Cultural Psychology. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 54(2), 232–248. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220221211073671
7. Klackl, J., Ochoa, D. P., Du, H., Jonas, E., Kashima, E. S., Ah Gang, G. C., & Kashima, Y. (2023). A WEIRD Theory? On the Prevalence of Western Folk Theory of Social Change in the West and Asia. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 54(2), 249–268. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220221221104962
8. Yin, R., Lepinteur, A., Clark, A. E., & D’Ambrosio, C. (2023). Life Satisfaction and the Human Development Index Across the World. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 54(2), 269–282. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220221211044784

1. Krys, K., Yeung, J.-Ch., Capaldi, C.A, Lun, V.M.-Ch., Torres, C., van Tilburg, W.A.P., Bond, M.H., Zelenski, J.M., Haas, B.W., Park, J., , Maricchiolo, F., Vauclair, Ch.-M., Kosiarczyk, A., Kocimska-Zych, A., Kwiatkowska, A., Adamovic, M., Pavlopoulos, V., Fülöp, M., Sirlopu, D., Okvitawanli, A., Boer, D., Teyssier, J., Malyonova, A., Gavreliuc, A., Uchida, Y., Serdarevich, U., Akotia, Ch., Appoh, L., Arévalo Mira, D.M., Baltin, A., Denoux, P., Domínguez-Espinosa, A., Esteves, C.S., Gamsakhurdia, V., Garðarsdóttir, R.B., Igbokwe, D.O., Igou, E.R., Işık, İ., Kascakova, N., Kračmárová, L.K., Kronberger, N., Lee, H.J., Liu, X., Barrientos, P.E., Mohorić, T., Mustaffa, N.F., Mosca, O., Nader, M., Nadi, A., van Osch, Y., Pavlović, Z., Poláčková Šolcová, I., Rizwan, M., Romashov, V., Røysamb, E., Sargautyte, R., Schwarz, B., Selecká, L., Selim, H.A., Stogianni, M., Sun, Ch.-R.,, Xing, C., & Vignoles V.L. (2022). Societal Emotional Environments and cross-cultural differences in life satisfaction: A forty-nine country study. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 17, 117-130. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2020.1858332 AVAILABLE IN OPEN ACCESS

2. Krys, K., & Wojciszke, B. (2016). Pride may legitimize cooperation with agentic immoral individuals. Polish Psychological Bulletin, 47, 445-450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ppb-2016-0052 AVAILABLE IN OPEN ACCESS

3. Krys, K., & Świderski, F. (2014). Heaven may be sought not only in the sky, but also on the ground. Compensation of affiliative and sense needs. Przegląd Psychologiczny, 57, 515-526. AVAILABLE IN OPEN ACCESS

4. Krys, K., & Wojciszke, B. (2013). Analysis of selected changes in the social functioning of amused individuals. Social Psychological Bulletin, 8, 277-289. AVAILABLE IN OPEN ACCESS

5. Krys, K. (2010). May amusement serve as a social courage engine? Polish Psychological Bulletin, 41, 67-73. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10059-010-0009-z AVAILABLE IN OPEN ACCESS

1. Krys, K., Yeung, J.Ch., Haas, B.W., van Osch, Y., Kosiarczyk, A., Kocimska-Zych, A., Torres, C., Selim, H.A., Zelenski, J.M., Bond, M.H., Park, J., Lun, V.M.-Ch., Maricchiolo, F., Vauclair, Ch.-M., Šolcová, I.P., Sirlopú, D., Xing, C., Vignoles, V.L., van Tilburg, W.A.P., Teyssier, J., Sun, Ch.-R., Serdarevich, U., Schwarz, B., Sargautyte, R., Røysamb, E., Romashov, V., Rizwan, M., Pavlović, Z., Pavlopoulos, V., Okvitawanli, A., Nadi, A., Nader, M., Mustaffa, N.F., Murdock, E., Mosca, O., Mohorić, T., Barrientos Marroquin, P.E., Malyonova, A., Liu, X., Lee, J.H., Kwiatkowska, A., Kronberger, N., Kráčmarová, L.K., Kascakova, N., Işık, İ., Igou, E.R., Igbokwe, D.O., Hanke-Boer, D., Gavreliuc, A., Garðarsdóttir, R.B., Fülöp, M., Gamsakhurdia, V., Esteves, C.S., Domínguez-Espinosa, A., Denoux, P., Charkviani, S., Baltin, A., Arevalo, D., Appoh, |L., Akotia, Ch., Adamovic, M., Uchida, Y., (in print). Family First: Evidence of Consistency and Variation in the Value of Family Versus Personal Happiness Across 49 Different Cultures. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. Advanced online publication. Doi:10.1177/00220221221134711   [preprint]

2. Kosakowska-Berezecka, N., Bosson, J. K., Jurek, P., Besta, T., Olech, M., Vandello, J. A., Bender, M., Dandy, J., Hoorens, V., Jasinskaja-Lahti, I., Mankowski, E., Venäläinen, S., Abuhamdeh, S., Agyemang, C. B., Akbaş, G., Albayrak-Aydemir, N., Ammirati, S., Anderson, J., Anjum, G., … Krys, K., ... Żadkowska, M. (2022). Gendered Self-Views Across 62 Countries: A Test of Competing Models. Social Psychological and Personality Science. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506221129687

3. Krys, K., Capaldi, C. A., Zelenski, J. M., Park, J., Nader, M., Kocimska- Zych, A., Kwiatkowska, A., Michalski, P., & Uchida, Y. (2021). Family well-being is valued more than personal well-being: a four-culture study. Current Psychology, 40, 3332 - 3343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00249-2 AVAILABLE IN OPEN ACCESS

4. Krys, K., Capaldi, C., van Tilburg, W., Lipp, O., Bond, M., Vauclair, M., Manickam, S., Dominguez-Espinosa, A., Torres, C., Lun, V., Teyssier, J., Miles, L., Hansen, K., Szarota, P., Yu, A. A., Xing, C., Wise, R., Wagner, W., Sun, Ch., Siddiqui, R., Salem, R., Rizwan, M., Pavlopoulos, V., Park, J., Nader, M., Maricchiolo, F., Malbran, M., Javangwe, G., Işık, I, Igbokwe, D., Hur, T., Hassan, A., Gonzalez, A., Fülöp, M., Denoux, P., Cenko, E., Chkhaidze, A., Burtceva, E., Antalíková, R., & Ahmed, R. (2018). Catching up with wonderful women: The women-are-wonderful effect is smaller in more gender egalitarian societies. International Journal of Psychology, 53, 21-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12420    [download]

5. Krys, K., Świdrak, J., Kwiatkowska, A., Kosakowska-Berezecka, N., & Vedøy, G. (2018). The role of organizational and spouse support in solving work-life conflict among migrants. International Journal of Stress Management, 25, 1-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/str0000070

6. Krys, K., Hansen, K., Xing, C., Espinoza, A., Szarota, P., & Morales, M. (2015). It is better to smile to women: Gender modifies perception of honesty of smiling individuals across cultures. International Journal of Psychology, 50, 150-154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12087

7. Kosakowska-Berezecka, N., Żadkowska, M., Gjerstad, B., Świdrak, J., Kwiatkowska, A., Odden, G., Ryndyk, O., Kryś, K., & Vedøy, G. (2018). Changing country, changing gender roles: Migration to Norway and transformation of gender roles among Polish families. In  M. R. T. de Guzman, J. Brown, & C. P. Edwards (Eds.), Parenting From Afar and the Reconfiguration of Family Across Distance (pp. (pp. 90-111). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

1. Krys, K., Vauclair, C.-M., Capaldi, C. A., Lun, V. M.-C., Bond, M. H., Domínguez-Espinosa, A., Torres, C., Lipp, O. V., Manickam, L. S. S., Xing, C., Antalíková, R., Pavlopoulos, V., Teyssier, J., Hur, T., Hansen, K., Szarota, P., Ahmed, R. A., Burtceva, E., Chkhaidze, A., Cenko, E., Denoux, P., Fülöp, M., Hassan, A., Igbokwe, D. O., Işık, İ., Javangwe, G., Malbran, M., Maricchiolo, F., Mikarsa, H., Miles, L. K., Nader, M., Park, J., Rizwan, M., Salem, R., Schwarz, B., Shah, I., Sun, C., Tilburg, W., Wagner, W., Wise, R, & Yu, A. A. (2016). Be careful where you smile: Culture shapes judgments of intelligence and honesty of smiling individuals. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 40, 101-116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10919-015-0226-4 AVAILABLE IN OPEN ACCESS

2. Krys, K., Hansen, K., Xing, C., Espinoza, A., Szarota, P., & Morales, M. (2015). It is better to smile to women: Gender modifies perception of honesty of smiling individuals across cultures. International Journal of Psychology, 50, 150-154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12087

3. Krys, K., Hansen, K., Xing, C., Szarota, P., & Yang, M. (2014). Do only fools smile at strangers? Cultural differences in social perception of intelligence of smiling individuals. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 45, 314-321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022113513922 

1. Swidrak, J., Krys, K., Kwiatkowska, A., Kosakowska-Berezecka, N., & Gjerstad, B. (2019). Polish honor and Norwegian dignity: Life satisfaction, acculturation, and self-worth. Acta De Investigación Psicológica, 9, 5-13. https://doi.org/10.22201/fpsi.20074719e.2019.3.316

2. Krys, K., Xing, C., Zelenski, J., Capaldi, C., Lin., Z., & Wojciszke, B. (2017). Punches or Punchlines? Honor, Face, and Dignity Cultures Shape Different Reactions to Provocation. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research, 30, 303–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/humor-2016-0087